Public Rights in Water: Equal Footing Doctrine

1. Steven O. Anderson, Idaho v. United States: Taking a Wrong Turn in the Jurisprudence of the Equal Footing Doctrine, 38 Idaho L. Rev. 667 (2002).
2. Frank W. DiCastri, Are All States Really Equal?  The "Equal Footing" Doctrine and Indian Claims to Submerged Lands, 1997 Wis. L. Rev. 179 (1997). 
3. Louis Touton, The Property Power, Federalism, and the Equal Footing Doctrine, 80 Colum. L. Rev. 817 (1980).
4. Note, Statehood and the Equal Footing Doctrine: The Case for Puerto Rican Sea Bed Rights, 88 Yale L.J. 825 (1979).  
5. Valerie J.M. Brader, Congress' Pet: Why the Clean Air Act's Favoritism of California is Unconstitutional Under the Equal Footing Doctrine, 13 Hastings W.-N.W. J. Envtl. L. & Pol'y 119 (2007). 
6. Marren Sanders, Clean Water in Indian Country: The Risks (and Rewards) of Being Treated in the Same Manner as a State, 36 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 553 (2010).

When each of the original Thirteen Colonies declared their independence, they "became themselves sovereign; and in that character hold the absolute right to all their navigable waters and the soils under them for their own common use."

Martin v. Waddell, 41 U.S. 387, 410 (1842). 

Those States entering the Union after 1789 did so on "equal footing" with the original Thirteen, possessing the same ownership over sovereignty lands.  

Pollard v. Hagan, 44 U.S. 212, 228-229 (1845).