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International Environmental Law: Treaties

Why Treaties?

There are more than 300 multilateral treaties in the world. They constitute the bulk of international environmental law. Because of the changing nature of the subject matter, drafters of IEL treaties tend to create general "framework" treaties, with more specific protocols dictating the implementation of the treaties, and highly technical Annexes listing information that may change rapidly.

What About Soft Law?

Another type of IEL agreement is called "soft law." Soft law consists of non-binding instruments or documents that have the appearance of law and can be politically influential in setting down objectives and aspirations. Documents constituting soft law can often be located on the websites of individual organizations (like theRio Declaration on Environment and Development). 

Secretariat Websites

To understand what actions are prohibited or required under IEL, you must examine treaty protocols and annexes carefully. 

Fortunately, most treaties establish a secretariat to administer the treaty. Usually a secretariat's website contains key instruments. 

Where to Find Treaties

Listed Alphabetically:

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